Bloodstream infection by Rhodococcus corynebacterioides in a pediatric patient diagnosed with high-risk retinoblastoma / Infección del torrente sanguíneo por Rhodococcus corynebacterioides en un paciente pediátrico con diagnóstico de retinoblastoma de alto riesgo

Abstract Rhodococcus is a pathogen that is known to cause infections in animals and humans, mainly in cases of immunocompromised patients. A case of a pediatric cancer patient suffering from a bloodstream infection caused by Rhodococcus corynebacterioides was described in this work. Gram positive rods were isolated from blood cultures. The target bacterium was identified using a combination of biochemical tests, the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry technique, and the analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence. Moreover, an antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using the E-test. The isolated bacterium was identified as R. corynebacterioides. The 3-year-old patient was successfully treated with vancomycin and meropenem. This is the first published report of R. corynebacterioides in a pediatric patient diagnosed with retinoblastoma that developed a bloodstream infection. R. corynebacterioides should be considered among the opportunistic infectious agents affecting pediatric cancer patients.

Resumen Rhodococcus es un patógeno conocido por causar infecciones en animales y humanos, principalmente en pacientes inmunocomprometidos. En este trabajo se describe el caso de un paciente pediátrico con cáncer que presentó una infección del torrente sanguíneo causada por Rhodococcus corynebacterioides. A partir de hemocultivos, se aislaron bacilos gram positivos. La bacteria diana fue identificada usando una combinación de pruebas bioquímicas, por espectrometría de masas MALDI-TOF y por el análisis de la secuencia del gen 16S ARNr. Además, se realizó una prueba de sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos utilizando E-test. La cepa bacteriana se identificó como R. corynebacterioides. El paciente, de 3 años, fue tratado con vancomicina y meropenem, exitosamente. Este es el primer reporte de R. corynebacterioides como agente causal de una infección del torrente sanguíneo en un paciente pediátrico con retinoblastoma. R. corynebacterioides debe considerarse entre los agentes infecciosos oportunistas que afectan a los pacientes pediátricos con cáncer.

Progress in microbiological and epidemiological characteristics of Escherichia albertii / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Escherichia albertii is an emerging zoonotic enteropathogen which mainly causes infectious diarrhea. Since the discovery and naming of Escherichia albertii, it was found to be responsible for several outbreaks of foodborne gastroenteritis and widely distributed in avian and wild animals. Due to the lack of specific identification system, the global Escherichia albertii infections might be underestimated. Though avian has been considered as the important reservoir of Escherichia albertii, its role in disease transmission remains unclear. This study reviewed the biochemical properties, genomic characteristics, isolation and identification methods of Escherichia albertii, and its prevalence in human, host animals and food. The risk of Escherichia albertii infection and future perspectives in this field were also discussed.

Antibiotic resistome of Salmonella typhi: molecular determinants for the emergence of drug resistance / 医学前沿

Resistome is a cluster of microbial genes encoding proteins with necessary functions to resist the action of antibiotics. Resistome governs essential and separate biological functions to develop resistance against antibiotics. The widespread clinical and nonclinical uses of antibiotics over the years have combined to select antibiotic-resistant determinants and develop resistome in bacteria. At present, the emergence of drug resistance because of resistome is a significant problem faced by clinicians for the treatment of Salmonella infection. Antibiotic resistome is a dynamic and ever-expanding component in Salmonella. The foundation of resistome in Salmonella is laid long before; therefore, the antibiotic resistome of Salmonella is reviewed, discussed, and summarized. We have searched the literature using PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar with related key terms (resistome, Salmonella, antibiotics, drug resistance) and prepared this review. In this review, we summarize the status of resistance against antibiotics in S. typhi, highlight the seminal work in the resistome of S. typhi and the genes involved in the antibiotic resistance, and discuss the various methods to identify S. typhi resistome for the proactive identification of this infection and quick diagnosis of the disease.

Research and application of disruptive technology identification methods / 军事医学

Though increasing attention is paid to the disruptive technology due to its characteristic, there are so many flaws with the mainstream identification methods for disruptive technology and there is no consensus among experts.By com-bining the findings of the research institutions both at home and abroad and their identification methods,and using such methods as literature and specialist consultation,the types of identification methods,differences in the research institutions of disruptive technology, future development direction and problems of the identification methods are analyzed.Some suggestions on the research of disruptive technology in China are raised for the next step.

Heteromorphism of Indomethacin Solvate and Characterization Method / 医药导报

Objective To systematically study solvatomorphism of indomethacin and provide a scientific basis for the quality control of the solvated impurities in this drug. Methods By changing the recrystallization solvent, solvent volume, recrystallization temperature, time and pressure, nine solvates and four non-solvated forms were discovered and prepared. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis ( TGA), X-ray powder diffraction ( PXRD) and infrared spectrometry (IR) were introduced for characterization analysis. Furthermore, the test of influencing factors was used to explore the stability of solvate crystal form and the crystal transformation rules among them. Results Nine solvates were prepared, which including two solvates reported for the first time in this work. Results showed that crystal forms of the 9 solvates have different types or proportions of crystal solvents according to the various results of DSC, TGA, PXRD and IR. Moreover, the nine solvates prepared in this work were metastable crystal forms which could be transformed to non-medicinal forms. Conclusion The composition, thermodynamic property and transformation rule of all the solvates are elucidated in this work. In addition, an effective method for qualitative or quantitative analysis of these solvates was established. The standard graphs and data were used as basic data and scientific basis for the solvate control in the manufacturing of indomethacin.

Examen químico-metalográficocon ácido nítrico en carroceríasy chasis en acero de vehículos / Chemical-metallographic test with nitric acid on the vehicle bodyand chassis of steel / Exame químico e metalográfico com ácido nítriconas carrocerias e no chassi em aço dos veículos

La alteración de sistemas de identificación de vehículos serealiza utilizando lijas o esmeril, y posteriormente se sobreponeuna identificación alfanumérica distinta, con elobjetivo de que no se pueda verificar su origen o propiedad,y se dificulte su rastreo. El ataque químico se reconocecomo la técnica más sensible para recuperar númerosseriales que han sido alterados; en este trabajo se propuso evaluar la efectividad del ácido nítrico (HNO3) 3,15 M parael revelado de números seriales alterados en superficies de carrocerías y chasis con aleaciones en acero y carbonobajo y medio, respectivamente. Se realizaron cuatro pruebas:(i) carrocería, marcación en taco y borrado con pulidora; (ii)carrocería, marcación en lápiz eléctrico y borrado manual;(iii) chasis, marcación en taco y borrado manual, y (iv) chasis, marcación manual en taco y borrado con pulidora. En todas las pruebas realizadas, las marcas borradas se recuperaron en pocos segundos, con definición y contraste. Lo anteriorcoloca el uso de este reactivo como una técnica rápida y confiable para el estudio químico-metalográfico tendiente a larecuperación de marcas adulteradas en aleaciones de acero.

The alteration of a vehicle identification characteristics is carried out with the use of emery and sandpaper to erase the information in order to subsequently superimpose different numeric or alphanumeric codes, thus preventing the verification of its former origin or ownership and hindering its tracking. Chemical attack has been recognized as the most sensitive technique to retrieve altered serial numbers,and this article was aimed at assessing the effectiveness of nitric acid (HNO3) 3.15 M in revealing them on body and chassis surfaces with steel, low-carbon and medium carbon steel alloys respectively. Four tests were performed: (i)Bodywork: marking, and erasing with grinding machine,(ii) bodywork: marking with electric pen, and manual deletion;(iii) chassis: marking, and manual deletion, and (iv)manual marking, and erasing with grinding machine. In all tests carried out, erased markings were retrieved in a fewseconds, with definition and contrast. According to the above, the use of this reactive is acknowledged as a fastand reliable technique for chemical-metallographic tests leading to the retrieval of tempered marks on steel alloys.

A alteração dos sistemas da identificação dos veículos é feito usando lixas ou esmeril, e depois se sobrepõe uma identificação alfanumérica diferente, com o objetivo de que sua origem ou propriedade não podem ser verificadas, e torna-se difícil seu rastreamento. O ataque químico é reconhecido como a técnica mais sensível para recuperar os números seriais que foram alterados; neste trabalho a proposta era avaliar a eficácia do ácido nítrico (3 HNO3) 3.15 ms para o revelado dos números dos seriais alterados nas superfícies das carrocerias e dos chassis com as ligas no aço e no carbono baixo e médio, respectivamente. Quatro testes foram feitos:(i) carroceria, marcação em taco e apagado com polidor; (ii)carroceria, marcação em lápis elétrico e apagado manual; (iii)chassi, marcação em taco e apagado manual, e (iv) chassi,marcação manual em taco e apagado com polidor. Em todos os testes feitos, as marcas apagadas foram recuperadas em poucos segundos, com a definição e os contrastes. O precedente coloca o uso deste reativo como uma técnica rápida e confiável para o estudo químico e metalográfico que visa à recuperação das marcas adulteradas nas ligas de aço.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identification of terverticillate Penicillium species isolated from agricultural soils in eskişehir province

In the present study, nine terverticillate Penicillium isolates (P. griseofulfum, P. puberulum, P. crustosum, P. aurantiogriseum, P. chrysogenum, P. primulinum, P. expansum, P. viridicatum, Eupenicillium egyptiacum) from 56 soil samples were characterized genetically by a PCR method. The DNAs of the strains were isolated using the glass beads and vortexing extraction method and then used for PCR amplification with the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and ITS4 universal fungal specific primers. The ITS regions of fungal ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were sequenced through the CEQ 8000 Genetic Analysis System. ITS-5.8S sequences obtained were compared with those deposited in the GenBank Database. The results indicated that the identification of Penicillium species with PCR based methods provided significant information about the solution to taxonomy and improve food safety and to protect the users from harmful contaminants such as mycotoxins, which must be controlled during the production of agricultural materials as well as during the processing of food and feed.

La ficha de identificación estomatológica para internos: un asunto aún pendiente en México / A ficha de identificação dental para internos: um caso ainda pendente no México / The dental record card for inmates: a matter still pending in Mexico

Los dientes proveen información valiosa que ayuda a identificar a una persona con los métodos propios de la odontología legal y forense. A nivel penitenciario, el expediente del interno, al ser un documento de identidad del infractor, deberá integrar toda la información posible que permita a las autoridades judiciales cerciorarse de que se trata de la misma persona registrada, ya sea en calidad de procesado o sentenciado, con todas sus características físicas posibles en las denominadas fichas antropométricas, con el propósito de evitar suplantaciones o errores en la imposición de las penas a delincuentes. Sin embargo, en México, al efectuar una revisión de las leyes actuales, iniciativas o reformas en la materia (tanto estatales como federales), sobre el registro de internos y la conformación de sus expedientes, no hay una homologación sobre los datos que debe contener la ficha antropométrica; mucho menos, en ningún apartado o sección, se considera la ficha estomatológica como medio de identificación. En el presente artículo se exponen las razones por las cuales debe incluirse en los centros penitenciarios de México la ficha de identifi cación estomatológica, puesto que también tal registro odontológico es una opción de control para procesados y sentenciados, y no solo un potencial documento para cotejar en el caso de infractores reincidentes o fallecidos

Teeth provide very valuable information serving to identify individuals with the use of methods pertaining to legal and forensic odontology. At the prison system level, an inmate’s dossier, because it is the offender’s identity document, must gather and integrate any and all available information enabling legal authorities to make certain that they are dealing with the same individual they have registered either as prosecuted or sentenced, with all of the physical features likely to be found on the so-called anthropometric index cards for the purpose of preventing identity thefts or impersonation or errors in the imposition of punishments to offenders. However, in Mexico, at the time of reviewing laws, initiatives or (both state and federal) amendments in this area with respect to the registration of inmates and the constitution of their dossiers, no homologation exists of those data that the anthropometric card should contain, and in no paragraph or section whatsoever the dental card is taken into account as an identifi cation means. In this article, the reasons why this card should be included in Mexican penitentiary facilities are exposed, since this kind of record is, in addition, a control option for both prosecuted and sentenced inmates and not only a potential matching record to be used in the case of recidivist or deceased infringers

Os dentes fornecem informações valiosas que ajudam a identifi car uma pessoa com métodos próprios da odontologia legal e forense. No nível de prisão, o registro do preso, sendo um documento de identidade do infrator, deve integrar todas as informações possíveis que permitam às autoridades judiciais certifi car que é a mesma pessoa registrada, seja na qualidade de processamento ou do condenado, com todas as suas características físicas possíveis nas chamadas guias antropométricas, a fi m de evitar a falsifi cação ou erros na condenação dos criminosos. No entanto, no México, para empreender uma revisão das leis, iniciativas e reformas neste campo (estatais e federais), sobre o registro dos presos e a conformação dos seus registros, não existe nenhuma homologação sobre os dados que a guia antropométrica deve conter; muito menos, em nenhum ponto ou seção, a guia de dental é considerada como meio de identifi cação. Este artigo discute as razões por que a guia de identifi cação dental deve ser incluída em prisões no México, já que tal registro dental é uma opção de controle para jul gados e condenados, e não apenas um documento potencial para comparar no caso de infratores reincidentes ou falecidos